Planting and Growing Calla Lilies: A Complete Guide for Gardeners

Calla lilies (Zantedeschia) are one of the most elegant and timeless flowers you can grow. Their trumpet-shaped blooms and graceful foliage make them a favorite for gardens, landscapes, and even indoor pots. These flowers symbolize beauty, purity, and rebirth, making them popular for weddings and special occasions.

If you’re looking to add a touch of sophistication to your garden, this guide will teach you everything you need to know about planting and growing calla lilies.

Table of Contents

Why Grow Calla Lilies?

Before diving into the planting process, let’s explore why calla lilies are such a fantastic choice for your garden:

Elegant Blooms – Their smooth, curving petals come in a variety of colors, from classic white to vibrant shades of pink, yellow, orange, and even deep purple.
Low Maintenance – Calla lilies require minimal care once established, making them great for both beginners and experienced gardeners.
Long Blooming Season – With proper care, calla lilies can bloom from late spring to early fall, adding months of beauty to your landscape.
Versatile Growth – They thrive in garden beds, containers, and even as houseplants.

Now, let’s get into how you can successfully plant and grow calla lilies.

Choosing the Right Calla Lily Varieties

Calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) are loved for their graceful, trumpet-shaped flowers and lush, tropical foliage. They come in a variety of colors and sizes, making them suitable for different garden styles, climates, and container arrangements. When selecting the right calla lily variety for your garden, consider factors such as bloom color, plant height, growing conditions, and maintenance needs.

Here’s a closer look at some of the most popular calla lily varieties:

1. Zantedeschia aethiopica (Classic White Calla Lily)

Bloom Color: Pure white
Height: 24 to 36 inches (60 to 90 cm)
Foliage: Large, glossy green leaves
Growing Conditions: Prefers wet, boggy areas but can adapt to regular garden soil
Best For: Cut flowers, wedding bouquets, pond edges, and water gardens

This is the most well-known variety, often seen in floral arrangements and wedding decorations. Unlike other calla lilies that prefer well-draining soil, Zantedeschia aethiopica thrives in damp, marshy conditions, making it a great choice for planting near ponds or in moist garden beds. It is also one of the hardiest calla lilies, tolerating cooler temperatures better than other varieties.

2. Zantedeschia rehmannii (Pink and Purple Calla Lily)

Bloom Colors: Shades of pink, lavender, magenta, or deep purple
Height: 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm)
Foliage: Narrow, sword-like green leaves
Growing Conditions: Prefers well-draining soil and full sun
Best For: Container gardening, borders, and indoor pots

This variety is more compact than the classic white calla lily, making it ideal for small gardens, patios, or indoor growing. Because it doesn’t tolerate soggy conditions, it requires well-draining soil and regular watering. The pink and purple blooms add a romantic touch to any landscape or floral arrangement.

3. Zantedeschia elliottiana (Golden Calla Lily)

Bloom Color: Bright yellow to golden yellow
Height: 18 to 24 inches (45 to 60 cm)
Foliage: Green leaves with unique white spots
Growing Conditions: Well-draining soil, full sun to partial shade
Best For: Garden beds, tropical-themed gardens, and containers

The golden-yellow blooms of Zantedeschia elliottiana bring a cheerful burst of color to any garden. The striking spotted foliage adds visual interest even when the plant is not in bloom. This variety does well in warmer climates but should be protected from excessive moisture to prevent root rot.

Other Notable Calla Lily Varieties

If you’re looking for more unique calla lily options, consider these:

Zantedeschia ‘Black Star’ – Features deep purple, almost black flowers, creating a dramatic effect in gardens or floral arrangements.
Zantedeschia ‘Flame’ – Has a fiery mix of orange, red, and yellow blooms, resembling a sunset.
Zantedeschia ‘Picasso’ – A stunning two-tone variety with white-edged purple flowers.

How to Choose the Best Calla Lily Variety for Your Garden

Consider Your Climate – If you live in a cooler climate, choose hardier varieties like Zantedeschia aethiopica, which can tolerate some frost. In warmer regions, colorful hybrids thrive better.
Decide on Bloom Color – Calla lilies come in a variety of hues, so pick colors that complement your garden’s theme.
Think About Space – Compact varieties like Zantedeschia rehmannii work well in small gardens and containers, while larger types need more room to grow.
Check Watering Needs – If you have a moist garden or pond area, go for Zantedeschia aethiopica. If your soil is well-draining, opt for colorful hybrids.

When to Plant Calla Lilies

Spring Planting for the Best Results

Calla lilies are typically planted in spring, after the risk of frost has passed. They thrive in warm soil, and the ideal planting temperature is 60°F (15°C) or higher.

If you plant too early when the soil is still cold, the rhizomes may struggle to sprout and could rot.

Starting Calla Lilies Indoors (For Colder Climates)

If you live in a colder region where the growing season is shorter, you can start calla lilies indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the last expected frost.

Here’s how:

Choose a pot that is at least 6 inches deep with drainage holes.
Fill with well-draining potting mix.
Plant the rhizome about 2 inches deep, with the growing eyes facing up.
Water lightly and keep in a warm, bright location (ideally around 70°F or 21°C).
Once outdoor temperatures remain consistently above 60°F (15°C), harden off the plants by gradually introducing them to outdoor conditions before transplanting.

Ideal Planting Time Based on Climate

Warm Climates (Zones 8-10): Calla lilies can be planted outdoors in early spring and will bloom continuously with proper care.
Cool Climates (Zones 3-7): Start indoors or wait until late spring or early summer when the soil has warmed up.

Key Takeaways for Planting Time

✅ Wait until after the last frost before planting outdoors.
✅ Start indoors in colder climates to extend the growing season.
✅ Soil temperature should be at least 60°F (15°C) for successful sprouting.
✅ If unsure, plant in containers first and move them outdoors once conditions are ideal.

By selecting the right variety and planting at the right time, you’ll enjoy a season full of lush, vibrant calla lily blooms in your garden! 🌿

Where to Plant Calla Lilies

Choosing the right location for your calla lilies is essential for their growth, health, and vibrant blooms. These elegant flowers require specific conditions to flourish, including the right amount of sunlight, proper soil composition, and adequate spacing to ensure optimal growth.

1. Sunlight Requirements

Calla lilies thrive in full sun to partial shade, depending on your climate:

Cool Climates (Zones 3-7): Full sun is ideal for calla lilies, as it encourages strong growth and abundant blooms.
Warm Climates (Zones 8-10): While calla lilies love the sun, excessive heat can cause stress. In hot regions, they benefit from some afternoon shade to prevent the leaves from scorching.

If growing calla lilies indoors, place them near a bright, sunny window where they receive at least 6 hours of indirect sunlight per day.

2. Soil Conditions

Calla lilies prefer rich, well-draining soil with good moisture retention. Here’s what you should aim for:

pH Level: The ideal soil pH is 6.0 to 6.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral.
Organic Matter: Mix in compost, well-rotted manure, or peat moss to enrich the soil with nutrients.
Drainage: While calla lilies enjoy moist soil, they do not tolerate standing water. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with sand, perlite, or organic compost to improve drainage.

💡 Pro Tip: If you have poor drainage, consider planting calla lilies in raised beds or containers to prevent root rot.

3. Spacing Requirements

Proper spacing ensures healthy growth and prevents diseases caused by overcrowding.

Garden Beds: Space calla lilies 12 to 18 inches apart to allow sufficient airflow and room for the rhizomes to spread.
Containers: If growing in pots, use a 12-inch diameter pot for each plant to give the roots enough space.

How to Plant Calla Lilies

Once you’ve chosen the perfect spot, it’s time to plant your calla lilies! These flowers grow from rhizomes, which are underground stems that store nutrients.

1. Prepare the Soil

Before planting, take the following steps to condition the soil:

Loosen the soil to a depth of 8 to 10 inches using a garden fork or tiller.
Incorporate organic matter such as compost, aged manure, or peat moss to improve fertility and drainage.
Level the soil and remove any rocks, weeds, or debris that might obstruct growth.

💡 Tip: If planting in a container, use a high-quality potting mix with added perlite or sand for better aeration.

2. Plant the Rhizomes

Planting calla lily rhizomes correctly ensures healthy root development and strong blooms.

Steps to Planting Calla Lilies

Dig a hole about 3 to 4 inches deep.
Place the rhizome with the “eyes” (buds) facing upward—this is where new shoots will emerge.
Gently cover with soil and lightly press down to remove air pockets.
Water thoroughly after planting to help the rhizome settle.

💡 Pro Tip: If planting multiple calla lilies, stagger them at different depths (some at 3 inches, some at 4 inches) for a more natural, layered look when they bloom.

3. Watering After Planting

Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Calla lilies love water, but too much can lead to rhizome rot.
In hot or dry weather, water 2-3 times per week. In cooler climates, watering once a week is sufficient.
Reduce watering once the plant is established but never let the soil completely dry out.

💡 Tip: To maintain moisture without overwatering, apply a layer of mulch around the plants. This helps retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Caring for Calla Lilies: Essential Maintenance Tips

Once your calla lilies are planted, they require consistent care to produce lush foliage and vibrant blooms. Proper watering, fertilizing, mulching, staking, and pruning will keep your plants healthy throughout the growing season. Here’s a detailed guide on how to maintain thriving calla lilies.

1. Watering Schedule

Calla lilies thrive in moist but well-draining soil. Since they are native to marshy environments, they enjoy consistent moisture but can suffer from root rot if the soil is too wet.

How Often to Water:

During Active Growth (Spring & Summer): Water once or twice a week, depending on rainfall and temperature.
Hot or Dry Weather: Increase watering frequency to every 2-3 days, ensuring the soil remains evenly moist but not soggy.
Indoor or Potted Calla Lilies: Check the soil every few days and water when the top inch feels dry.

Watering Tips:

✅ Check Soil Moisture: Stick your finger 1 inch into the soil—if it’s dry, it’s time to water.
✅ Water Deeply: Soak the soil at the base of the plant, ensuring the roots get adequate moisture.
✅ Avoid Overwatering: Excess moisture can cause rhizomes to rot, leading to plant decline.

💡 Tip: If you live in a rainy area, plant calla lilies in raised beds or containers to improve drainage and prevent waterlogging.

2. Fertilizing for Healthy Growth and Blooms

Calla lilies benefit from regular feeding to support strong growth and encourage blooming.

Best Fertilizers for Calla Lilies:

Balanced Fertilizer (10-10-10 or 20-20-20): Promotes overall plant health (apply every 4-6 weeks).
Phosphorus-Rich Fertilizer (e.g., Bone Meal or Bloom Booster): Encourages bigger, longer-lasting flowers (apply at planting time and once before blooming).
Liquid Fertilizer: A diluted liquid feed every 2-3 weeks helps potted calla lilies thrive.

💡 Tip: Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, as they encourage leaf growth over flowers.

3. Mulching to Retain Moisture & Suppress Weeds

Applying mulch around your calla lilies provides multiple benefits:

✔ Retains soil moisture, reducing the need for frequent watering.
✔ Regulates soil temperature, keeping roots cool in summer and insulated in winter.
✔ Suppresses weeds, preventing competition for nutrients.

Best Mulch Options:

Organic mulch (e.g., bark, straw, shredded leaves, or compost)
Inorganic mulch (e.g., pebbles or gravel, ideal for container calla lilies)

How to Apply Mulch:

Spread a 2 to 3-inch layer of mulch around the base of the plant.
Keep mulch a few inches away from the stems to prevent rot.
Refresh mulch as needed, especially after heavy rains.

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4. Staking Tall Calla Lily Varieties

Some calla lily varieties, like Zantedeschia aethiopica, can grow over 3 feet tall, making them susceptible to bending in windy conditions.

When to Stake:

If plants start leaning or drooping.
If you live in an area with strong winds or heavy rainfall.

How to Stake Calla Lilies:

Insert a thin stake (bamboo or metal) 2 inches away from the plant’s base.
Use soft ties (garden twine or cloth strips) to loosely secure the stem.
Adjust ties as the plant grows to prevent damage.

💡 Tip: Group calla lilies together to create natural support, reducing the need for staking.

5. Deadheading & Pruning for Continuous Blooms

Regular deadheading (removing spent flowers) and pruning damaged leaves will keep your calla lilies looking fresh and encourage longer blooming periods.

How to Deadhead Calla Lilies:

Look for faded or wilted flowers that have lost their vibrant color.
Use sharp, sterilized scissors to cut the flower stem at the base, near the soil level.
Dispose of dead flowers to prevent fungal diseases.

How to Prune Calla Lilies:

Trim yellowing or dead leaves at the base using clean pruning shears.
If leaves become damaged or spotted, remove them to improve airflow and reduce disease risk.
In fall (after the first frost), cut back the entire plant to about 2 inches above the ground if you live in a cold climate.

💡 Tip: If calla lilies stop blooming, reduce nitrogen fertilizer, check soil drainage, and ensure the plant gets enough sunlight.

Bonus Care Tips for Calla Lilies

🔹 Potted Calla Lilies:

Choose a well-draining container with drainage holes.
Refresh the soil every year to maintain nutrients.
Move pots indoors during winter in cold climates.

🔹 Overwintering Calla Lilies:

In warm climates (Zones 8-10), calla lilies can stay in the ground year-round.
In cold climates (Zones 3-7), dig up the rhizomes before the first frost, store them in a dry, cool place, and replant in spring.

🔹 Preventing Pests & Diseases:

Common Pests: Watch out for aphids, slugs, and spider mites—use insecticidal soap or neem oil if needed.
Fungal Diseases: Ensure good air circulation and avoid wet foliage to prevent powdery mildew or root rot.

Overwintering Calla Lilies

If you live in zones 8-10, calla lilies can stay in the ground year-round. However, in colder climates, you need to dig up the rhizomes before winter.

How to Store Calla Lily Rhizomes for Winter

Wait until the first frost kills the foliage.
Carefully dig up the rhizomes and shake off excess soil.
Let them dry for a few days in a warm, airy location.
Store them in peat moss or sawdust inside a paper bag or cardboard box.
Keep in a cool, dark place (50°F or 10°C) until spring.

Common Problems and How to Fix Them

Even with proper care, calla lilies can face a few challenges. Here’s how to tackle them:

1. Yellowing Leaves

Cause: Overwatering, poor drainage, or nutrient deficiency.
Fix: Reduce watering, improve soil drainage, and feed with a balanced fertilizer.

2. No Blooms

Cause: Too much nitrogen, lack of sunlight, or overcrowding.
Fix: Move to a sunnier spot, use a phosphorus-rich fertilizer, and divide overcrowded rhizomes.

3. Pests (Aphids, Spider Mites, Slugs)

Solution: Use insecticidal soap for aphids and spider mites. Apply diatomaceous earth or beer traps for slugs.

4. Fungal Diseases

Common Issues: Root rot, botrytis (gray mold), and powdery mildew.
Prevention: Avoid overwatering, ensure proper air circulation, and apply fungicides if needed.

Propagating Calla Lilies

You can grow more calla lilies by dividing the rhizomes:

Dig up the plant after the blooming season.
Gently separate the rhizomes, ensuring each has at least one eye (growth bud).
Let them dry for a day before replanting.
Follow the planting steps outlined earlier.

Growing Calla Lilies in Containers

Calla lilies are perfect for pots and containers, especially if you have limited space.

Container Growing Tips:

Use a pot at least 12 inches deep with drainage holes.
Fill with rich potting mix and plant rhizomes 3 inches deep.
Water regularly and fertilize every 4 weeks.
Move pots indoors before the first frost if growing in cold climates.

Final Thoughts

Calla lilies are a stunning addition to any garden, whether grown in flower beds, containers, or as houseplants. With the right care, they reward you with months of elegant blooms and lush foliage.

By following this guide, you’ll enjoy healthy, thriving calla lilies year after year. Happy gardening! 🌿🌸