Microgreens have become incredibly popular in recent years, and it’s easy to see why. These tiny, nutrient-packed plants not only add vibrant color and fresh flavors to your dishes, but they are also incredibly easy to grow indoors. You don’t need a lot of space, time, or gardening experience to successfully cultivate microgreens. With a few simple tools and a little bit of knowledge, you can start growing your own microgreens in the comfort of your home.
This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about growing microgreens indoors—from selecting the right seeds to harvesting your greens. We’ll cover different methods, necessary materials, the benefits of microgreens, and troubleshooting tips. By the end, you’ll be ready to grow your own mini garden of microgreens.
What Are Microgreens?
Microgreens are young seedlings of edible vegetables and herbs harvested early, just after the first leaves (called cotyledons) have developed. Unlike sprouts, which are grown in water and harvested very early, microgreens are grown in soil or a growing medium and have longer stems and leaves. They are typically harvested 7–21 days after germination, making them a fast-growing, easy crop.
Why Grow Microgreens?
Microgreens are not only delicious but also incredibly nutritious. They contain higher concentrations of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants compared to their mature plant counterparts. Additionally, microgreens are versatile and can be used to enhance salads, soups, sandwiches, and smoothies. The best part is that you can grow them year-round indoors, providing a constant supply of fresh greens.
Benefits of Growing Microgreens Indoors
1. Space Efficiency
You don’t need a lot of space to grow microgreens. They can be cultivated on windowsills, countertops, or even in a dedicated corner of a room. Since they grow quickly and don’t require much vertical space, microgreens are perfect for small apartments or homes without outdoor gardening space.
2. Quick Harvest Time
Most microgreens are ready to harvest in less than three weeks. This quick turnaround time makes them ideal for those who want a fast-growing, rewarding crop. You’ll be able to enjoy fresh microgreens much sooner than with most other indoor gardening projects.
3. Nutrient-Dense Superfood
Microgreens are considered a superfood due to their high nutrient content. They pack in vitamins A, C, E, and K, as well as iron, potassium, and magnesium. Some microgreens, like red cabbage or broccoli, contain even more nutrients than the mature vegetables, making them a great addition to a healthy diet.
4. Low Maintenance
Microgreens are among the easiest plants to grow indoors. They don’t require much care or special equipment. Once you’ve set up your growing system, it only takes minimal watering and attention to produce healthy, vibrant greens.
Essential Materials for Growing Microgreens Indoors
Before you begin growing microgreens, it’s essential to gather the necessary materials. Here’s a list of everything you’ll need to get started:
1. Seeds
Choose seeds specifically for microgreens, as these varieties are often selected for their flavor and growth rate. Common microgreens include:
- Broccoli
- Radish
- Pea shoots
- Sunflower
- Arugula
- Kale
- Basil
- Cilantro
2. Growing Trays or Containers
You’ll need shallow containers to plant your microgreens. These can be plastic seed trays, recycled containers, or even pie pans. Ensure that your trays have drainage holes or a way to prevent waterlogging.
3. Growing Medium
Microgreens can be grown in a variety of growing mediums, such as:
- Soil: Use organic potting mix or seed-starting mix.
- Coconut Coir: A sustainable, soil-free alternative that retains moisture well.
- Hydroponic Mats: Made from materials like hemp or felt, these mats allow you to grow microgreens without soil.
4. Watering Method
You’ll need a gentle way to water your microgreens without disturbing the seeds. A spray bottle works well for misting the seeds and keeping the soil moist.
5. Light Source
Microgreens need light to grow, but they don’t require direct sunlight. A sunny windowsill works for some, but using grow lights or LED lights ensures they receive enough light throughout the day, especially during the winter months.
6. A Sharp Knife or Scissors
When it’s time to harvest, you’ll need a sharp knife or pair of scissors to snip the microgreens just above the soil level.
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Grow Microgreens Indoors
Now that you have all the necessary materials, it’s time to start growing your microgreens. Follow these steps for a successful indoor garden.
Step 1: Prepare Your Growing Trays
First, prepare your growing trays or containers. If you’re using a recycled container, make sure it has drainage holes at the bottom. If there are no holes, you can add a layer of small stones or gravel to prevent water from pooling.
Fill the tray with your chosen growing medium (soil, coconut coir, or hydroponic mat). The growing medium should be about 1 to 2 inches deep. If you’re using soil, gently pat it down to create an even surface but don’t compact it too tightly.
Step 2: Scatter the Seeds
Sprinkle your seeds evenly across the surface of the growing medium. You want to ensure that the seeds are spread out but close enough that they form a dense layer when they grow. Unlike larger plants, microgreens can be planted densely since they’re harvested early.
Once the seeds are scattered, lightly press them into the soil or growing medium with your fingers, but don’t bury them. Some seeds benefit from a very light covering of soil, while others (like basil or arugula) can be left uncovered.
Step 3: Mist the Seeds with Water
Using a spray bottle, mist the seeds with water until the growing medium is moist but not waterlogged. Be careful not to overwater, as this can cause mold or rot.
Place the tray in a warm, dark place for the first few days to encourage germination. Covering the tray with another tray or plastic wrap can help retain moisture during this stage.
Step 4: Provide Light and Water Regularly
After the seeds begin to sprout (usually within 2 to 5 days), move the trays to a location where they’ll receive light. If you’re using a windowsill, make sure the plants get at least 4-6 hours of light per day. If you’re using grow lights, keep them on for 12-16 hours a day, positioned about 4 to 6 inches above the seedlings.
Continue to mist the microgreens regularly to keep the growing medium moist. It’s best to check the moisture level daily, as the small plants can dry out quickly.
Step 5: Harvest Your Microgreens
Most microgreens are ready to harvest within 7 to 21 days, depending on the variety. You’ll know they’re ready when the first true leaves appear above the cotyledons.
To harvest, simply cut the microgreens just above the soil level using a sharp knife or scissors. Be gentle to avoid disturbing the roots.
Types of Microgreens and Their Growing Requirements
Here’s a helpful comparison table that outlines different types of microgreens, their ideal growing conditions, and their flavor profiles:
| Microgreen | Days to Harvest | Light Requirement | Flavor Profile | Special Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broccoli | 8–12 days | Medium to bright light | Mild, slightly bitter | High in vitamins A, C, and K |
| Radish | 5–10 days | Medium to bright light | Spicy, peppery | Fast-growing, adds crunch to dishes |
| Pea Shoots | 10–14 days | Medium to bright light | Sweet, fresh | Great in stir-fries and salads |
| Sunflower | 12–16 days | Medium to bright light | Nutty, earthy | Requires soaking before planting |
| Arugula | 7–14 days | Medium light | Spicy, mustardy | Best grown in cooler temperatures |
| Kale | 10–14 days | Medium to bright light | Mild, slightly sweet | High in antioxidants and vitamin C |
| Basil | 14–21 days | Bright light | Sweet, aromatic | Takes longer to grow, prefers warmth |
| Cilantro | 14–21 days | Bright light | Citrus, fresh | Grows slower, loves warmth and moisture |
Best Lighting for Growing Microgreens Indoors
Light is crucial for the successful growth of microgreens. While natural sunlight is free and available, it’s not always consistent, especially during the winter months or in homes with limited access to sunlight. Using artificial lighting can ensure your microgreens thrive year-round.
Types of Lighting for Microgreens
1. Fluorescent Lights
Fluorescent lights are an affordable and widely available option. These lights provide adequate light for growing microgreens and can be easily set up. However, they are less efficient than newer lighting technologies.
2. LED Grow Lights
LED grow lights are more energy-efficient than fluorescent lights and provide full-spectrum light, mimicking natural sunlight. They’re ideal for microgreens as they promote healthy, robust growth while using less energy.
3. T5 Grow Lights
T5 grow lights are a type of fluorescent light, but they emit a brighter, more intense light than regular fluorescent bulbs. These are an excellent choice for growing microgreens, as they can cover a larger area and ensure even light distribution.
Troubleshooting Common Problems with Microgreens
Growing microgreens indoors is generally a straightforward process, but like any form of gardening, you may encounter some issues. Here’s how to troubleshoot the most common problems:
1. Mold Growth
Mold can develop if there’s too much moisture and poor air circulation. To prevent this, avoid overwatering and make sure your trays have adequate drainage. You can also use a small fan to improve airflow around the plants.
2. Leggy Microgreens
Leggy microgreens are plants that grow tall and thin with weak stems. This often happens when the plants are not receiving enough light. To fix this, move your microgreens to a brighter location or add grow lights to ensure they get the right amount of light.
3. Slow Germination
If your seeds are taking too long to sprout, they may be too cold or too dry. Ensure the growing environment is warm enough (ideally between 60–75°F) and that the seeds are kept moist during the germination period.
Harvesting and Storing Microgreens
Microgreens are best when harvested fresh and used immediately. However, if you have more than you can eat at once, here are some tips for storing them:
1. Harvesting Tips
- Harvest your microgreens in the morning when they are freshest.
- Use sharp scissors to cleanly cut the stems just above the soil level.
- Rinse the microgreens in cold water to remove any dirt or debris, and pat them dry gently with a paper towel.
2. Storing Microgreens
- Store microgreens in an airtight container lined with a paper towel to absorb excess moisture.
- Keep them in the refrigerator for up to a week.
- Avoid washing microgreens until you’re ready to use them to extend their shelf life.
Conclusion: Start Growing Microgreens Indoors Today
Growing microgreens indoors is an easy, fun, and rewarding project that anyone can do, regardless of gardening experience or available space. These tiny greens offer a multitude of health benefits, fresh flavors, and can be grown year-round. Whether you’re looking to add a healthy boost to your meals or just want to experiment with indoor gardening, microgreens are a fantastic option.
With the steps outlined in this guide, you’ll be well on your way to growing a bountiful microgreen garden. Get creative with different varieties, experiment with flavors, and enjoy the process of growing fresh food right in your own home! Happy growing!