Understanding Arborvitae Growth Rates

Arborvitae (Thuja spp.) is one of the most popular evergreen trees and shrubs used in landscaping. Known for their lush, dense foliage and year-round beauty, these versatile plants are often chosen for privacy screens, hedges, and ornamental features. But before planting arborvitae in your yard, it’s essential to understand their growth rates to make the best choice for your space and goals.

Arborvitae growth rates can vary significantly depending on the species, variety, and environmental conditions. In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about arborvitae growth rates, including the fastest-growing varieties, factors influencing their growth, and tips for maximizing their potential.

Table of Contents

What Is Arborvitae?

Arborvitae, sometimes called “tree of life,” is a type of coniferous evergreen native to North America and Asia. With their year-round greenery and naturally symmetrical shape, arborvitae trees are beloved for both functional and decorative purposes. They belong to the cypress family (Cupressaceae) and are known for their aromatic, scaly leaves and durable wood.

Why Growth Rate Matters When Choosing Arborvitae

When planning your landscape, understanding the growth rate of arborvitae is key. Here’s why:

Privacy Needs: If you’re planting a hedge or screen, fast-growing varieties may be the best option for quick coverage.
Space Considerations: Slower-growing types may be better suited for compact gardens or spaces with limited room.
Maintenance: Fast-growing arborvitae may require more frequent pruning to maintain their shape and size.
Aesthetic Goals: Certain growth rates align better with specific landscape designs, whether you’re looking for a stately row of towering evergreens or a tidy, compact border.

Factors That Affect Arborvitae Growth Rates

Arborvitae growth rates are influenced by a range of factors beyond the genetic traits of the species. Environmental conditions, soil health, and maintenance practices all play significant roles in how quickly these evergreens grow. Understanding these factors is key to optimizing growth and ensuring the health of your arborvitae. Here’s a detailed look at what affects their growth rates:

1. Arborvitae Variety

The specific species or cultivar of arborvitae is the most fundamental determinant of growth rate.

Fast-Growing Varieties: Types like the Green Giant or Spring Grove arborvitae can grow as much as 2–3 feet per year, making them ideal for those seeking quick results for privacy hedges or windbreaks.
Moderate-Growing Varieties: American Arborvitae and Techny Arborvitae grow 1–2 feet annually, offering a balance between steady growth and manageable maintenance.
Slow-Growing Varieties: Dwarf types, such as the Globe Arborvitae, grow only a few inches annually and are best suited for decorative or small-space applications.

Understanding your needs and the variety’s growth tendencies can help you select the right arborvitae for your garden or landscaping project.

2. Soil Quality

The health and structure of the soil significantly impact arborvitae growth.

Well-Drained Soil: Arborvitae thrive in soil that drains well. Poorly draining soil can lead to waterlogging and root rot, stunting growth or even killing the tree.
Nutrient-Rich Soil: Soil rich in organic matter provides essential nutrients for arborvitae, encouraging lush, vigorous growth. Compost, manure, or organic fertilizers can improve soil fertility.
Soil pH: Arborvitae prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–8.0). Extremely acidic or alkaline soils can limit nutrient availability and slow growth.

To ensure optimal conditions, consider testing your soil and amending it with organic matter or balanced fertilizers.

3. Sunlight Exposure

Sunlight plays a crucial role in arborvitae health and growth.

Full Sun: Arborvitae grow best when exposed to at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Full sun promotes even growth and vibrant, dense foliage.
Partial Shade: While arborvitae can tolerate partial shade, insufficient sunlight can slow growth and lead to sparse or uneven development.
Shading Concerns: Trees planted near buildings, fences, or larger trees may experience reduced growth on the shaded side, creating an imbalanced appearance.

Choosing a location with optimal sunlight exposure ensures consistent growth and a healthy appearance.

4. Watering and Irrigation

Proper watering is essential, especially during the first few years when arborvitae are establishing their root systems.

Young Arborvitae: These trees require consistent watering to encourage root growth. Water deeply 1–2 times per week, depending on rainfall and temperature.
Established Arborvitae: Once mature, arborvitae are relatively drought-tolerant, but they still benefit from supplemental watering during dry spells.
Overwatering Risks: Excessive watering can saturate the soil and lead to root rot, which stunts growth and compromises the tree’s health.

Using mulch around the base of the tree helps retain moisture and reduces the need for frequent watering.

5. Climate and Hardiness Zone

Arborvitae are hardy trees, but their growth rate and health can be affected by local climate conditions.

Optimal Zones: Arborvitae grow best in USDA hardiness zones 3–8. Outside of these zones, extreme temperatures can stress the tree and slow growth.
Cold Weather: Prolonged cold snaps can damage roots and foliage, delaying new growth in the spring.
Hot Weather: Excessive heat, especially in arid regions, can cause drought stress and stunt growth unless supplemental watering is provided.

Choosing a species that thrives in your region ensures consistent growth and long-term success.

6. Fertilization

Proper fertilization is essential for healthy growth, but it must be done carefully.

Slow-Release Fertilizers: Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer formulated for evergreens in early spring to provide nutrients throughout the growing season.
Nutrient Deficiencies: A lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium can limit growth. Yellowing foliage may indicate a deficiency.
Over-Fertilizing Risks: Applying too much fertilizer can burn the roots and damage the tree, ultimately slowing its growth.

Fertilize only as needed, and avoid applying fertilizer late in the growing season, as this can encourage tender new growth that may be damaged by winter frost.

7. Spacing and Competition

The placement of arborvitae relative to other trees and plants can significantly influence their growth rates.

Adequate Spacing: Proper spacing ensures that each arborvitae has sufficient access to sunlight, water, and nutrients. Crowded plantings force trees to compete, which can slow growth.
Root Competition: Arborvitae planted near large trees may struggle to access water and nutrients due to the extensive root systems of their neighbors.
Air Circulation: Good spacing also promotes airflow, reducing the risk of fungal diseases that can weaken and slow growth.

Follow the recommended spacing guidelines for your chosen variety to maximize growth and maintain a healthy landscape.

8. Pest and Disease Management

Pests and diseases can stress arborvitae, leading to slower growth or even tree death if left untreated.

Common Pests: Spider mites, bagworms, and scale insects can damage foliage, weakening the tree and reducing growth rates.
Fungal Diseases: Root rot, cankers, and needle blight are common problems that can stunt growth. These issues are often exacerbated by overwatering or poor air circulation.
Preventative Measures: Regularly inspect trees for signs of pests or disease and address issues promptly. Proper watering, spacing, and pruning can help prevent many common problems.

Keeping arborvitae healthy and pest-free allows them to grow to their full potential.

9. Seasonal Maintenance

Seasonal care practices play an essential role in encouraging growth and maintaining the health of arborvitae.

Spring: Fertilize and mulch to prepare the tree for the growing season. Inspect for winter damage and prune as needed.
Summer: Water deeply during dry spells and monitor for pests or disease.
Fall: Apply a fresh layer of mulch and reduce watering as the tree enters dormancy. Avoid heavy pruning, which can stress the tree before winter.
Winter: Protect young trees from heavy snow or ice buildup with burlap wraps or staking if necessary.

Proper seasonal care ensures steady, year-round growth and minimizes stress on the tree.

Understanding Arborvitae Growth Rates by Species

Let’s take a closer look at some of the most common types of arborvitae and their growth rates to help you choose the right variety for your landscaping needs.

1. Emerald Green Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’)

Growth Rate: Slow to Moderate
Annual Growth: 6–12 inches per year
Mature Height: 10–15 feet
Best Use: Compact privacy hedges, ornamental accents, or small gardens

Emerald Green Arborvitae is prized for its elegant, narrow form and rich green foliage, which retains its color even in winter. While its growth rate is slower compared to other varieties, this makes it an excellent low-maintenance choice for smaller spaces.

Key Features: The naturally conical shape of this arborvitae requires minimal pruning, and it thrives in both full sun and partial shade. It’s particularly suited for urban or suburban gardens where space may be limited.
Ideal Growing Conditions: Plant it in well-drained soil, and provide consistent watering during the establishment phase.
Why Choose Emerald Green Arborvitae: If you’re looking for a dense, attractive screen that won’t overgrow its space, this is a top contender.

2. Green Giant Arborvitae (Thuja standishii x plicata ‘Green Giant’)

Growth Rate: Fast
Annual Growth: 2–3 feet per year
Mature Height: 50–60 feet
Best Use: Large privacy screens, windbreaks, or dramatic landscaping elements

The Green Giant Arborvitae is one of the fastest-growing varieties, making it ideal for homeowners or property managers who need quick coverage. Despite its rapid growth, it maintains a symmetrical and uniform shape, which adds to its popularity.

Key Features: Its tall, pyramidal structure and lush green foliage make it a striking addition to expansive landscapes. The tree is also resistant to most pests and diseases, making it relatively hassle-free.
Ideal Growing Conditions: This variety thrives in full sun and adapts to a wide range of soils, provided they are well-drained. It’s drought-resistant once established.
Why Choose Green Giant Arborvitae: If you’re looking to create a towering privacy barrier or windbreak in a short time, the Green Giant is an unbeatable option.

3. American Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis)

Growth Rate: Moderate
Annual Growth: 12–24 inches per year
Mature Height: 40–60 feet
Best Use: Tall hedges, privacy screens, or standalone ornamental trees

The American Arborvitae, also known as the Eastern Arborvitae, is a native species that adapts well to diverse climates and soil types. Its moderate growth rate makes it a reliable choice for those seeking a classic evergreen for long-term projects.

Key Features: This species boasts dense, fan-shaped foliage that remains vibrant year-round. It can be pruned into formal shapes or allowed to grow naturally for a more rustic look.
Ideal Growing Conditions: American Arborvitae thrives in full sun but can tolerate light shade. Regular watering and fertile soil will ensure steady growth.
Why Choose American Arborvitae: If you’re looking for a traditional, versatile evergreen that works well in various settings, this species is an excellent choice.

4. Globe Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis ‘Danica’)

Growth Rate: Slow
Annual Growth: 2–4 inches per year
Mature Height: 2–4 feet
Best Use: Borders, foundation plantings, container gardens, or small landscapes

Globe Arborvitae is a charming dwarf variety known for its rounded, compact shape and bright green foliage. Its slow growth rate and petite size make it a favorite for accent planting and formal gardens.

Key Features: The natural globe-like form requires little to no pruning. It’s a great choice for gardeners who want an evergreen that stays neat and tidy year-round.
Ideal Growing Conditions: Plant in well-drained soil and provide partial to full sun. Regular watering is essential, especially during dry spells.
Why Choose Globe Arborvitae: This variety is perfect for those who want low-maintenance greenery to add structure and interest to small spaces.

5. Techny Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis ‘Techny’)

Growth Rate: Moderate
Annual Growth: 12–24 inches per year
Mature Height: 15–20 feet
Best Use: Privacy screens, hedges, or formal landscaping in residential areas

The Techny Arborvitae, sometimes called the “Mission Arborvitae,” is a robust variety valued for its dense foliage and cold-hardiness. It maintains its deep green color even through harsh winters, making it an excellent choice for northern climates.

Key Features: This cultivar grows in a broad, pyramid shape and can be pruned into hedges or left to grow naturally. Its sturdy branches make it resistant to snow damage.
Ideal Growing Conditions: Plant in fertile, well-drained soil with access to full sun. Consistent watering during the first few years is essential for healthy establishment.
Why Choose Techny Arborvitae: If you live in a colder region and need a dependable hedge or screen, the Techny Arborvitae is an excellent option.

6. Spring Grove Arborvitae (Thuja plicata ‘Spring Grove’)

Growth Rate: Fast
Annual Growth: 2–3 feet per year
Mature Height: 50–60 feet
Best Use: Large windbreaks, privacy barriers, or estate landscaping

Spring Grove Arborvitae is another fast-growing variety that offers towering height and dense foliage. It’s a popular choice for expansive properties needing quick, large-scale coverage.

Key Features: This variety is similar to Green Giant but is slightly more tolerant of wet soils. Its glossy, green foliage provides year-round beauty and effective privacy.
Ideal Growing Conditions: Spring Grove Arborvitae thrives in full sun and can tolerate a variety of soil types, including wetter areas where other arborvitae may struggle.
Why Choose Spring Grove Arborvitae: This is an excellent choice for creating a dramatic visual impact or protecting large properties from wind and noise.

How to Maximize Arborvitae Growth Rates

Want to ensure your arborvitae grows as quickly and healthily as possible? Here are some tips for optimal growth:

1. Start with Healthy Plants

Healthy, well-established starter plants are the foundation for robust growth. When selecting arborvitae:

Ruby Falls Weeping Redbud

Inspect the Roots: Look for plants with well-developed, firm root systems. Avoid those with compacted or damaged roots.
Examine Foliage: Choose plants with vibrant, evenly colored green foliage. Avoid any with yellowing, browning, or wilting tips, as these may indicate underlying health problems.
Go Local: Purchase arborvitae from a nursery within your growing zone. Locally grown plants are better adapted to your climate and conditions.

Healthy plants establish themselves more quickly and are less prone to transplant shock, allowing them to focus their energy on growth.

2. Choose the Right Location

The location you choose for your arborvitae has a direct impact on its growth rate. Follow these guidelines:

Sunlight Requirements: Arborvitae prefer full sun for optimal growth but can tolerate partial shade. Aim for a spot that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. In shady conditions, growth may be slower, and the tree may develop a thinner, leggier appearance.
Soil Conditions: Arborvitae thrive in well-drained soil with moderate moisture levels. Avoid planting in waterlogged areas, as standing water can lead to root rot.
Spacing: Give your arborvitae enough room to grow without competition. Spacing requirements vary by variety, but generally, leave 3–4 feet between compact varieties and 5–8 feet for larger types. Proper spacing ensures access to sunlight, nutrients, and airflow.

If your soil is clay-heavy or poorly drained, consider planting on a slight mound or amending the soil with organic matter like compost to improve drainage and fertility.

3. Water Consistently

Water is crucial for arborvitae, especially during their early growth stages. Proper watering ensures the roots can establish themselves quickly and encourages steady growth:

Young Arborvitae: Water deeply 2–3 times per week during the first year after planting, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not soggy. Deep watering helps roots penetrate the soil and promotes stability.
Established Arborvitae: Once the plants are established (after 1–2 years), reduce watering to once a week during dry spells. While arborvitae are drought-tolerant, consistent moisture encourages faster growth.
Seasonal Adjustments: Reduce watering during cooler months and increase it during hot, dry summers. Always check soil moisture levels before watering to avoid over-saturation.

Using a soaker hose or drip irrigation system can help deliver water directly to the root zone without oversaturating the surrounding soil.

4. Mulch Around the Base

Mulching is a simple but effective way to create a healthy growing environment for arborvitae. Here’s how to do it right:

Benefits of Mulch: Mulch helps regulate soil temperature, retain moisture, and suppress weeds that compete for water and nutrients.
How to Apply: Spread a 2–3 inch layer of mulch, such as wood chips or bark, around the base of the tree. Keep the mulch about 3–4 inches away from the trunk to prevent rot and pests.
Annual Refresh: Replenish the mulch annually to maintain its effectiveness.

Mulch also improves the soil as it breaks down, providing additional nutrients for your arborvitae over time.

5. Fertilize Appropriately

Fertilization provides essential nutrients that support healthy, vigorous growth. However, over-fertilizing can be harmful, so it’s important to strike the right balance:

Best Fertilizer Type: Use a slow-release, balanced fertilizer specifically formulated for evergreens. Look for products with an equal ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), such as a 10-10-10 blend.
When to Fertilize: Apply fertilizer in early spring just as new growth begins. For established trees, you can also do a light application in late fall to prepare the plant for winter.
How to Apply: Spread the fertilizer evenly around the base of the tree, keeping it at least 6 inches away from the trunk. Water thoroughly after applying to help nutrients reach the root zone.

Test your soil before fertilizing to determine if it lacks specific nutrients. Adjust the fertilizer type based on the soil test results.

6. Prune with Care

Pruning arborvitae encourages healthy growth, improves airflow, and maintains their natural shape. Here’s what you need to know:

When to Prune: Prune arborvitae in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Avoid heavy pruning in late summer or fall, as this can expose tender growth to winter damage.
How to Prune: Use sharp pruning shears to remove dead or damaged branches and lightly trim the outer tips to encourage denser foliage. Avoid cutting into the brown, woody interior of the tree, as arborvitae do not regenerate growth from old wood.
Shaping: If you’re maintaining a hedge or screen, light pruning will keep the plants uniform and tidy.

Regular pruning helps direct the tree’s energy toward healthy growth and prevents the development of unsightly gaps.

7. Monitor for Pests and Diseases

Arborvitae are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, but occasional problems can arise. Early detection is key to maintaining their growth rate:

Common Pests:

Spider Mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing or bronzing of foliage. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
Bagworms: These caterpillars create cocoons on branches and can defoliate trees. Remove cocoons by hand and apply an appropriate pesticide if needed.
Scale Insects: Scale insects form small, waxy bumps on branches. Use horticultural oil to control them.

Common Diseases:

Root Rot: Caused by overwatering or poor drainage. Ensure the soil is well-drained to prevent this fungal issue.
Blight: Affects foliage and can cause browning. Prune affected areas and improve airflow around the tree.

Regularly inspect your arborvitae for signs of pests or diseases, especially during the growing season. Early intervention can prevent serious damage and keep your trees growing steadily.

8. Provide Winter Protection

Winter can be tough on arborvitae, particularly in regions with heavy snow or freezing winds. Protecting your plants during the colder months ensures they emerge in spring ready to grow:

Prevent Snow Damage: Tie branches loosely with twine to prevent them from splaying under heavy snow or ice. Avoid using plastic wrap, as it can trap moisture and cause rot.
Wind Protection: If your arborvitae are exposed to strong winds, consider erecting a burlap barrier to shield them.
Water Before Winter: Give your trees a deep watering in late fall to ensure their roots have adequate moisture before the ground freezes.

Winter protection is especially important for young or newly planted arborvitae, which are more vulnerable to harsh conditions.

9. Patience Pays Off

While it’s natural to want quick results, remember that arborvitae are long-lived evergreens. Even fast-growing varieties take a few years to reach their full potential. By providing consistent care and maintaining optimal growing conditions, you’ll enjoy healthy, vibrant arborvitae that enhance your landscape for decades to come.

With the right approach, your arborvitae will thrive and grow at their maximum rate, providing beauty, privacy, and shade for years to come.

Arborvitae Growth Rate Comparison Table

Variety	Growth Rate	Annual Growth	Mature Height	Best Use
Emerald Green Arborvitae	Slow to Moderate	6–12 inches	10–15 feet	Compact hedges and small gardens
Green Giant Arborvitae	Fast	2–3 feet	50–60 feet	Large privacy screens, windbreaks
American Arborvitae	Moderate	12–24 inches	40–60 feet	Tall hedges, standalone trees
Globe Arborvitae	Slow	2–4 inches	2–4 feet	Borders, foundation plantings
Techny Arborvitae	Moderate	12–24 inches	15–20 feet	Residential privacy screens
Spring Grove Arborvitae	Fast	2–3 feet	50–60 feet	Expansive privacy screens

Final Words

Arborvitae is a versatile and reliable choice for enhancing your landscape, whether you need a fast-growing privacy hedge or a low-maintenance ornamental plant. By understanding the growth rates of different arborvitae varieties and providing the right care, you can enjoy their beauty and functionality for years to come.